Cudurrada is-difaaca jirka (autoimmune) waa koox cudurro ah oo uu nidaamka difaaca jirku si qalad ah u weeraro unugyada iyo xubnaha jirka laftiisa, waxayna ku dhacaan ilaa shan boqolkiiba (5%) dadka. Badanaa lama oga waxa sababa cudurradan. Daaweyntu inta badan waxay ku wajahan tahay yareynta ama dejinta nidaamka difaaca jirka. Waxayna ku dhici karaan carruur, dumar iyo rag da’ kasta, iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay nooca cudurka. Guud ahaan, dumarka ku jira da’da taranka (15–45 sano) ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee uu cudurkani ku dhaco.
Si sax ah looma oga waxa sababa cudurrada is-difaaca jirka (autoimmune), balse u-janjeer hidde-sideed (genetic) ayaa keeni karta in jirku si fudud u weeraro unugyadiisa laftiisa (hoos u dhac ku yimaadda aqbalaadda nafta – self-tolerance). Arrimo deegaanka ah, tusaale ahaan fayrasyada, ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaadan kara isla markaana noqon kara kiciyeyaasha cudurka.
Caadi ahaan, nidaamka difaaca jirka wuu kala saari karaa unugyada jirka u gaar ah iyo waxyaabaha shisheeye ee soo gala. Marka ay jiraan cudurrada is-difaaca jirka (autoimmune), kala-soociddaas ayaa qayb ahaan burburta. Sidaas awgeed, nidaamka difaaca jirku wuxuu si qalad ah u weerari karaa unugyada jirka laftiisa, isagoo ula dhaqmaya sidii wax shisheeye ah.
Cudurrada autoimmune, waxaa firfircoonaada qaar ka mid ah unugyada dhiigga cad ee loo yaqaan B-cells iyo T-cells. Badanaa lama oga sababta keenta in nidaamka difaaca jirku u weeraro unugyada jirka laftiisa.
B-cells-ka firfircoon waxay soo saaraan auto-antibodies (ka-hortagyo is-difaac ah) kuwaas oo ku xirmi kara kana waxyeelleyn kara unugyada jirka, si toos ah ama iyagoo adeegsanaya nidaamka kaabista (complement system). Marka unug ama xubin la waxyeelleeyo, waxaa dhasha caabuq/barar (inflammation).
T-cells-ka firfircoon waxay si toos ah u weerari karaan unugyada jirka, sidoo kalena waxay sii deyn karaan walxo farriin-qaade ah oo loo yaqaan cytokines. Cytokines-ku waxay sii xoojin karaan bararka.
Natiijada falcelintan is-difaaca ah waxay noqon kartaa barar joogto ah (chronic inflammation) oo ka dhaca unugga ama xubinta la weeraray, iyadoo ay la socdaan calaamado ay ka mid yihiin daal, barar, xanuun, iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaadda shaqada xubnaha jirka.
Calaamadaha iyo Waxyaabaha La Ogaaday
| Calaamad / Falanqeyn | Xubnaha / Unugyada Saameysan | Sharaxaad / Faahfaahin |
|---|---|---|
| Daal | Nidaamka difaaca jirka | Ka dhasha firfircoonaanta nidaamka difaaca, sida cudur infakshan ah |
| Qandho | Nidaamka difaaca jirka | Dhacda marka cudurka uu firfircoon yahay |
| Xanuun kala-goysyada | Kala-goysyada | Barar, adkaansho, iyo xanuun ku dhaca kala-goysyada la weeraray |
| Xanuun murqaha | Murqaha | Murqo xanuun iyo daciifnimo ka dhalata bararka ama weerarka difaaca |
| Xanuun xubno gaar ah | Xubnaha la weeraray | Tusaale: kelyaha, xiidmaha, ama wadnaha |
| Barar | Kala-goysyada, qanjidhada lymph | Barar muuqda oo ku dhaca kala-goysyada ama qanjidhada lymph-ka |
| Finan / cuncun maqaarka | Maqaarka | Ka dhalan kara falcelinta nidaamka difaaca jirka |
| Timaha oo daata | Timaha | Ka dhalan kara weerarka nidaamka difaaca jirka |
| Afka iyo indhaha oo qallala | Afka & indhaha | Dareenka qallaylka waxaa keena falcelinta difaaca jirka |
| Dareen la’aan | Gacmaha ama cagaha | Ka dhalan kara dhaawac neerfaha ama daciifnimo murqaha |
| Dhibaatooyin caloosha & mindhicirka | Caloosha & xiidmaha | Shuban, xanuun caloosha, ama dheef-shiid xumo |
Kooxaha Waaweyn ee Cudurrada Is-difaaca Jirka
| Cudur | Xubnaha / unugyada la weeraray | Calaamadaha ugu waaweyn |
|---|---|---|
| Laabato (Revmatoid Arthritis) | Kala-goysyada | Xanuun, barar, adkaansho, dhaawac kala-goys |
| Sonkorow Nooca 1 | Unugyada insulin-soo-saaraha (pancreas) | Sonkor dhiig sare, daal, harraad, matag |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Myelin-ka neerfayaasha (maskaxda & lafta dhabarka) | Daciifnimo murqaha, isku dheelitir la’aan, aragga oo dhibaato, dareen la’aan |
| Cudurka Bararka Mindhicirka (IBD) | Xiidmaha yar & weyn | Xanuun caloosha, shuban, dhiig ka yimaada saxarada, miisaanka oo dhaca |
| Celiac | Xiidmaha yar | Nafaqo-darro, shuban, barar caloosha, daal |
| Systemisk Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | Kala-goysyada, maqaarka, kelyaha, xubno kale | Barar kala-goys, finan maqaarka, daal, xanuun kala-goys |
| Psoriasisartritt | Kala-goysyada & maqaarka | Xanuun, barar, adkaansho, finan maqaarka |
| Hashimoto’s Thyreoiditt | Qanjirka thyroid | Barar qanjir, hoos u dhac metabolism, daal, miisaanka oo kordha |
| Graves’ Cudur | Qanjirka thyroid | Metabolism sare, miisaanka oo dhaco, garaaca wadnaha oo kordha, xasaasiyad |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Isgaarsiinta neerfayaasha & murqaha | Daciifnimo murqaha, daal, indhaha oo liita, wejiga & hunguriga oo liita |
Baaritaanka iyo Ogaanshaha Cudurrada Is-difaaca Jirka.
| Habka Baaritaanka | Waxa la Baarayo / Sida loo Sameeyo | Ujeedada / Maxaa laga Ogaadaa |
|---|---|---|
| Taariikh Caafimaad | Su’aalo ku saabsan calaamadaha, taariikhda cudurka, iyo taariikhda qoyska | Fahamka bilowga cudurka iyo halista uu leeyahay |
| Baaritaan Jireed | Baarista kala-goysyada, maqaarka, iyo xubnaha la weeraray | Ogaanshaha bararka, xanuunka, iyo isbeddellada muuqda |
| Baaritaanno Dhiig | – CRP (caabuq/barar) – Autoantibodies: anti-CCP, ANA, anti-TPO | Ogaanshaha firfircoonida nidaamka difaaca jirka iyo nooca cudurka |
| Baaritaanno Muuqaal | Ultrasound, Raajo, CT, MRI | Muuqaalka unugyada ama xubnaha la weeraray |
| Qaadista Unug (Biopsi) | Qaadista muunad yar oo unugga cudurka saameeyay | Xaqiijinta ogaanshaha cudurka |
| Baaritaanno Khaas ah | – Tijaabooyinka shaqada sambabada – Tijaabooyinka gudbinta neerfayaasha – Electromyografi (EMG) – Endoskopi | Qiimeynta shaqada sambabada, neerfayaasha, murqaha, iyo xiidmaha |
Daawaynta
| Nooca Daaweynta / Talooyinka | Waxa La Adeegsado / Sida Loo Sameeyo | Ujeedada / Maxaa Laga Helaa |
|---|---|---|
| Daawooyin yareeya nidaamka difaaca (Immunosuppressive drugs) | Kortikosteroids, Metotreksat, Azatioprin, Daawooyinka noolaha (Biologics: TNF inhibitors, Interleukin-6 inhibitors) | Yareynta firfircoonida nidaamka difaaca jirka iyo ka hortagga dhaawaca unugyada |
| Daaweynta xubno gaar ah (Organ-specific treatment) | Insulin (Diabetes type 1), daawooyinka yareeya calaamadaha (IBD) | Taageerida shaqada xubnaha la weeraray iyo dhimista calaamadaha |
| Nolol caafimaad leh (Healthy lifestyle) | Cunto caafimaad leh, jimicsi joogto ah, joojinta sigaarka | Ka qaybqaadashada daaweynta iyo kor u qaadida caafimaadka guud |
Sawir ahaan daawaynta
