Hal tallaal oo buufin sanka ah ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ka difaaco dhammaan qufacyada, hargabyada iyo duruga, sidoo kale caabuqyada bakteeriyada ee sambabada, xitaa wuxuu yareyn karaa xasaasiyadda, sida ay sheegeen cilmi-baarayaal Maraykan ah.
Koox ka tirsan Stanford University ayaa tijaabisay waxa ay ugu yeereen “tallaal guud” xoolaha, balse wali waxaa loo baahan yahay tijaabooyin caafimaad oo lagu sameeyo dadka.
Habkooda cusub waxay ku tilmaameen “isbeddel aad u weyn” oo ka duwan sida tallaalada loo naqshadeeyay in ka badan 200 oo sano.
Khubaro ku takhasusay arrintan ayaa sheegay in daraasaddan ay tahay mid “aad u xiiso badan”, inkastoo ay weli ku jirto marxalad hore, isla markaana ay noqon karto “tallaabo weyn oo horumar ah”.
Tallaalada hadda jira waxay jidhka baraan inuu la dagaallamo hal cudur oo gaar ah. Tallaalka jadeecada wuxuu ka hortagaa jadeecada oo keliya, halka tallaalka busbuskuna ka hortago busbuska oo keliya. Sidaas ayay tallaaladu u shaqaynayeen tan iyo markii Edward Jenner uu hormuud ka noqday tallaalada dabayaaqadii qarnigii 18aad.
Habka cusub ee lagu daabacay joornaalka Science ma barayo nidaamka difaaca jirka si toos ah. Halkii, wuxuu ku daydaa sida unugyada difaaca jirku isula xiriiraan.
Tallaalkan waxaa lagu qaataa buufin sanka ah, wuxuuna ka dhigaa unugyada dhiigga cad ee ku jira sambabada – kuwa loo yaqaan macrophages – kuwo ku jira xaalad “feejignaan sare” ah, una diyaar ah inay si degdeg ah uga hortagaan caabuq kasta oo isku dayaya inuu jirka galo.
Saamayntan ayaa ku jirtay ilaa saddex bilood tijaabooyinkii lagu sameeyay xoolaha.
Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay muujiyeen in heerkan feejignaanta ahi uu sababay hoos u dhac u dhexeeya 100 ilaa 1,000 jeer oo ku yimaadda fayrasyada ka gudba sambabada una gudba jirka intiisa kale.
Kuwa yar ee ka gudba, nidaamka kale ee difaaca jirka ayaa durba u diyaarsanaa inuu si xawaare sare leh uga hortago, sida uu sheegay Prof Bali Pulendran, oo bare ka ah cilmiga jeermiska iyo difaaca jirka ee Stanford.
Kooxdu sidoo kale waxay muujisay in tallaalku ka hortago laba nooc oo bakteeriyo ah: Staphylococcus aureus iyo Acinetobacter baumannii.
Pulendran ayaa u sheegay BBC in tallaalkan “guud” uu keeno jawaab difaac oo aad uga ballaaran midda tallaalada caadiga ah, isagoo ka hortagi kara duruga, Covid, hargabka caadiga ah, ku dhowaad dhammaan fayrasyada, bakteeriyo badan oo la tijaabiyay, iyo xitaa waxyaabaha xasaasiyadda keena.
Habka uu tallaalku u hago nidaamka difaaca jirka ayaa sidoo kale u muuqday inuu yareeyo falcelinta ka dhalata caarada boodhka guriga (house dust mite), taasoo kicisa neefta xasaasiyadda ah.
Prof Daniela Ferreira, oo bare ka ah cilmiga tallaalada ee Jaamacadda Oxford, kana mid ahayn daraasadda, ayaa sheegtay in tani ay tahay cilmi-baaris “aad u xiiso badan” oo beddeli karta sida dadka looga ilaaliyo qufacyada, hargabyada iyo caabuqyada kale ee neef-mareenka, haddii natiijooyinka lagu xaqiijiyo dadka.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, su’aalo badan ayaa wali taagan.
Tallaalka waxaa lagu bixiyay buufin sanka ah tijaabooyinka, balse waxaa laga yaabaa in dadka loo baahdo in lagu siiyo qalab neefsasho (nebuliser) si uu u gaaro qoto-dheeraanta sambabada.
Lama oga in isla saameyntan laga heli karo dadka, ama inta ay socon doonto xaaladda feejignaanta sare ee nidaamka difaaca jirka. Waxaa jira farqi u dhexeeya nidaamka difaaca jiirka iyo kan aadanaha, maadaama difaaceennu uu saameeyo tobannaan sano oo caabuqyo hore ah.
Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay qorsheynayaan tijaabooyin lagu tallaalayo qof, kadibna si ula kac ah loogu gelinayo caabuq si loo arko sida jirkiisu uga falceliyo.
Waxaa sidoo kale jiri kara khataro ka iman kara kor u qaadista nidaamka difaaca jirka ka sarreeya heerkiisa caadiga ah, taasoo dhalin karta su’aalo ku saabsan cudurrada difaaca jirka.
Kooxda cilmi-baarista ee Maraykanka ma aaminsana in nidaamka difaaca jirka si joogto ah loo kiciyo, waxayna qabaan in tallaalkan loo isticmaalo inuu dhammaystiro, balse uusan beddelin, tallaalada hadda jira.
Marxaladaha hore ee faafitaanka cudurro waaweyn sida Covid bilowgii 2020, tallaal guud ayaa laga yaabaa inuu badbaadiyo waqti iyo nafaf, inta laga diyaarinayo tallaal gaar ah.
Sidoo kale, bilowga xilliga jiilaalka marka cudurrada kala duwan ee jiilaalka ay faafaan, waxaa la qiyaasi karaa buufin xilliyeed oo la siiyo dadka si loo abuuro difaac ballaaran oo ka dhan ah dhammaantood.